How to Fix PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer Error

The digital landscape is a demanding arena for computer hardware, constantly pushing the boundaries of what our systems can achieve. For enthusiasts, IT professionals, and system builders alike, tools like PassMark PerformanceTest are indispensable for evaluating and understanding their machine's capabilities. These benchmarks subject your components to rigorous stress, uncovering performance bottlenecks and potential weaknesses. However, the path to performance validation isn't always smooth, and encountering an error message can be a significant roadblock, especially one as perplexing as "No Free Memory for Buffer."

This error, while seemingly straightforward, often masks a complex interplay of underlying issues ranging from simple software conflicts to critical hardware malfunctions. It signifies that PassMark PerformanceTest, or a specific component within it, attempted to allocate a contiguous block of memory for its operations—a "buffer"—but failed because the system couldn't provide the requested amount of free, usable memory. This isn't just an inconvenience; it can halt your diagnostic process, obscure genuine performance metrics, and, more importantly, indicate deeper problems with your system's stability and resource management.

In this exhaustive guide, we will embark on a systematic journey to diagnose, understand, and ultimately resolve the "PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer" error. We'll delve into the intricacies of memory allocation, explore both common and obscure causes, and provide a comprehensive, step-by-step troubleshooting methodology that empowers you to reclaim control over your system's performance and ensure accurate benchmarking. From optimizing software configurations and refining operating system settings to investigating potential hardware anomalies, every facet of this enigmatic error will be meticulously examined, equipping you with the knowledge and tools necessary to overcome this challenge and achieve a stable, high-performing computing experience. This isn't merely about fixing an error; it's about gaining a profound understanding of your system's architecture and learning how to maintain its health and efficiency under demanding workloads.

Understanding the "No Free Memory for Buffer" Error: A Deep Dive

Before we can effectively troubleshoot and resolve the "No Free Memory for Buffer" error, it's crucial to grasp what it fundamentally means and why PassMark PerformanceTest might encounter it. This isn't just a generic "out of memory" message; it points to a specific challenge in allocating a contiguous block of memory.

What is a Buffer in Computing?

In the realm of computing, a "buffer" is a temporary storage area used to hold data while it is being transferred from one location to another. Think of it as a waiting room for data. Buffers are essential for managing discrepancies in data processing rates between different devices or software components. For instance, when your CPU sends data to a hard drive, it's often placed in a buffer first because the CPU is significantly faster than the hard drive. This allows the CPU to continue with other tasks while the hard drive slowly processes the buffered data.

PassMark PerformanceTest, being a comprehensive benchmarking suite, extensively utilizes buffers for various operations. When it tests RAM, storage drives, or even specific CPU instructions, it often needs to create large, contiguous memory buffers to load test data, perform calculations, or store intermediate results. For example, during a memory bandwidth test, the software might try to allocate a large buffer to simulate data transfer between memory modules and the CPU.

Why PassMark Needs Large, Contiguous Buffers

PassMark's need for "large" and, critically, "contiguous" buffers stems from the nature of performance testing:

1. Benchmarking Accuracy: To accurately measure the maximum performance of a component, the benchmark needs to operate under ideal conditions, minimizing fragmentation and overhead. Large, contiguous buffers ensure that data can be accessed and processed efficiently without the system having to jump between disparate memory locations.
2. Stress Testing: Benchmarks are designed to push systems to their limits. This often involves simulating demanding real-world scenarios that require significant memory resources. If PassMark can't allocate the necessary buffer size, it cannot effectively stress test the component as intended.
3. Specific Test Algorithms: Many low-level tests, especially those related to memory speed, cache performance, or disk I/O, rely on direct memory access (DMA) or highly optimized data structures that require large, unbroken blocks of memory. If memory is heavily fragmented or unavailable in sufficiently large chunks, these algorithms cannot execute correctly.

Common Underlying Causes of the Error

The "No Free Memory for Buffer" error is a symptom, not a cause. Its roots can be multifaceted:

1. Insufficient Physical RAM:
   • Absolute Shortage: Your system simply might not have enough installed RAM to meet the demands of PassMark PerformanceTest, especially if you're running other memory-intensive applications concurrently. Modern operating systems and applications consume a significant baseline amount of RAM.
   • RAM Saturation: Even with seemingly ample RAM, if too many applications are open, or if a single application has a memory leak, the available "free" RAM for PassMark's specific buffer request might be depleted.
2. Heavy Memory Fragmentation:
   • When programs allocate and deallocate memory over time, the available free memory becomes scattered in small, non-contiguous blocks. Even if the total free memory is sufficient, if PassMark needs a single, very large block, it won't find one. This is akin to trying to fit a long couch into a room where smaller pieces of furniture are scattered, even if the total floor space is sufficient.
3. Misconfigured Virtual Memory (Page File):
   • Windows (and other OSes) uses a page file (or swap file) on your hard drive to extend available memory beyond physical RAM. If the page file is too small, disabled, or improperly configured, the system might struggle to offload less frequently used data from RAM, leading to insufficient free physical memory for PassMark's buffers.
4. Memory Leaks:
   • A memory leak occurs when a program requests memory from the operating system but then fails to release it back when it's no longer needed. Over time, a leaky application can consume an ever-increasing amount of RAM, starving other programs (like PassMark) of necessary resources. This can be the PassMark software itself, or another application running in the background.
5. Conflicting Software:
   • Certain background applications, especially security software (antivirus, anti-malware), system monitoring tools, or other benchmark utilities, can interfere with PassMark's memory allocation requests or aggressively consume memory themselves.
6. Outdated or Corrupted Drivers:
   • Graphics drivers, chipset drivers, or even specific storage controller drivers can sometimes have bugs that lead to inefficient memory management, driver crashes, or resource conflicts, indirectly causing memory allocation failures.
7. Operating System Issues:
   • Corrupted system files, registry errors, or deeply entrenched malware can compromise the operating system's ability to manage memory effectively, leading to unpredictable behavior and memory errors.
8. Hardware Issues (Less Common for this specific error, but possible):
   • While "No Free Memory for Buffer" typically points to logical memory allocation problems, underlying physical RAM issues (faulty modules, improper seating, incompatible timings) can manifest as instability or unpredictable memory behavior, contributing to the perceived lack of free memory. A failing RAM stick might report itself as available but then cause errors when actually accessed.

Distinction Between Physical RAM and Virtual Memory

It's vital to differentiate between these two:

• Physical RAM (Random Access Memory): This is the fast, volatile memory modules installed in your motherboard. It's where your operating system, applications, and actively used data reside for quick access by the CPU. The more physical RAM you have, generally the better your system performs, as it reduces reliance on slower storage.
• Virtual Memory: This is a technique used by the operating system to compensate for physical RAM shortages. It uses a portion of your hard drive (the "page file" or "swap space") to temporarily store data that doesn't fit into physical RAM. While it effectively extends your memory capacity, accessing data from virtual memory is significantly slower than from physical RAM. The "No Free Memory for Buffer" error primarily refers to the system's inability to find enough physical or readily accessible virtual memory that it can present as a large, contiguous block.

Understanding these foundational concepts prepares us to systematically approach the troubleshooting steps, moving from the simplest and most common solutions to more complex and less frequent causes.

Initial Diagnostic Steps (The Foundation of Troubleshooting)

When confronted with the "PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer" error, it's natural to feel a pang of frustration. However, a structured approach, starting with the most basic and frequently effective solutions, can often resolve the issue without delving into more complex diagnostics. These initial steps are the foundation of any good troubleshooting process.

1. Restart Your System: The Universal First Fix

It might sound overly simplistic, but restarting your computer is an astonishingly effective first troubleshooting step for a vast array of issues, including memory errors.

Why it works:

• Clears RAM: A reboot flushes all data from your physical RAM. This means any temporary files, cached data, or lingering processes that were unnecessarily occupying memory are wiped clean, leaving your RAM in a pristine, unfragmented state.
• Resets Processes: All running applications, background services, and even the operating system itself are restarted. This terminates any applications that might have developed memory leaks or become stuck in an inefficient state, consuming excessive resources.
• Resolves Temporary Glitches: Sometimes, system services or hardware drivers can encounter minor, transient glitches that affect memory management. A restart often resolves these temporary hiccups.

How to do it:

Simply perform a standard Windows shutdown and restart. Avoid "Sleep" or "Hibernate" modes, as these preserve the system state, which might include the very memory issues you're trying to clear. After your system has fully booted, try running PassMark PerformanceTest again immediately, before launching any other applications.

2. Close Unnecessary Applications: Freeing Up Immediate Resources

Modern operating systems are adept at multitasking, but every open application, browser tab, and background service consumes a portion of your precious RAM. When PassMark needs a significant buffer, these concurrent processes can be the culprit.

How to do it:

1. Open Task Manager: Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc or right-click on the taskbar and select "Task Manager."
2. Navigate to the "Processes" Tab: This tab provides an overview of all running applications and background processes.
3. Sort by "Memory": Click on the "Memory" column header to sort processes by their RAM consumption, with the highest consumers at the top.
4. Identify and End Memory Hogs: Look for applications you don't actively need that are consuming a large amount of memory. This often includes web browsers with many tabs open, video editing software, gaming clients, or even other benchmarking tools.
   • Select the process you wish to close.
   • Click the "End Task" button in the bottom right corner. Be cautious not to end critical system processes (e.g., "explorer.exe" or "System"). If unsure, stick to user-launched applications.
5. Check "Startup" Tab (for future optimization): While in Task Manager, you can also navigate to the "Startup" tab. This lists applications that automatically launch when your computer boots. Disabling unnecessary startup items can free up memory from the moment your system starts, preventing future conflicts. Right-click on an item and select "Disable" if it's not essential.

Practical Tip: Even applications minimized to the system tray can still consume significant memory. Always check the Task Manager to get a true picture of your system's memory usage.

3. Check PassMark System Requirements: Are You Under-Spec'd?

While PassMark PerformanceTest is designed to run on a wide range of systems, its more demanding tests, especially 3D graphics or advanced memory benchmarks, can be resource-intensive. If your system barely meets the minimum requirements, or if you're running an older version of PassMark on a very low-spec machine, you might genuinely lack the RAM needed.

How to do it:

1. Consult PassMark's Official Website: Visit the official PassMark PerformanceTest product page (e.g., passmark.com/products/performancetest/) to find the latest system requirements. Pay close attention to the recommended RAM for the specific version you're using.
2. Compare with Your System:
   • Check Your Installed RAM: Right-click on "This PC" (or "My Computer") > "Properties" (or go to "Settings" > "System" > "About"). Look for "Installed RAM."
   • Check Your OS Type: Ensure you're not trying to run a 64-bit benchmark on a 32-bit operating system (though this is less common with modern OS versions).
3. Consider Your Use Case: If you have 8GB of RAM but also run a virtual machine, multiple browsers, and a CAD program simultaneously, your effective free RAM might be far less than PassMark expects for a clean benchmark.

If your system significantly falls below the recommended RAM specifications, upgrading your physical RAM might be a necessary, albeit more involved, solution.

4. Verify PassMark Installation Integrity: A Corrupted File Cause

A corrupted installation of PassMark PerformanceTest itself can lead to a myriad of issues, including memory allocation errors. If essential files are missing or damaged, the software might fail to correctly request or manage memory resources.

How to do it:

1. Attempt a Repair (if available): Some software installers offer a "Repair" option. Check your system's "Apps & Features" (Windows 10/11) or "Programs and Features" (Windows 7/8.1), select PassMark PerformanceTest, and see if a "Repair" option is present.
2. Clean Reinstallation: If a repair isn't an option or doesn't work, a clean reinstallation is the next step.
   • Uninstall PassMark: Go to "Apps & Features" (or "Programs and Features"), select PassMark PerformanceTest, and click "Uninstall."
   • Delete Residual Files (Optional but Recommended): After uninstalling, manually check for any remaining folders in common locations like C:\Program Files\PassMark or C:\Program Files (x86)\PassMark and delete them. Also, consider checking C:\Users\YourUsername\AppData\Local and C:\Users\YourUsername\AppData\Roaming for PassMark-related folders.
   • Download Latest Version: Visit the official PassMark website to download the latest stable version of PerformanceTest. Ensure you're downloading from the legitimate source.
   • Reinstall: Run the installer, following the prompts carefully.

A clean reinstallation ensures that all program files are pristine and correctly configured, eliminating the possibility of file corruption being the root cause of the memory buffer error. These initial steps are low-effort but high-impact. Only after systematically trying each of these should you proceed to more advanced troubleshooting.

Deep Dive into Memory Management Solutions

Once the initial diagnostics have been exhausted, and the "No Free Memory for Buffer" error persists, it's time to delve deeper into how your system manages its memory resources. This often involves optimizing physical RAM usage and, crucially, fine-tuning your virtual memory settings.

1. Optimizing Physical RAM Usage: Making the Most of What You Have

Even with ample RAM, inefficient usage can lead to scenarios where PassMark struggles to find the large, contiguous blocks it needs. Proactive memory management is key.

A. Identifying Memory-Intensive Processes (Advanced Task Manager Use)

The Task Manager is your primary tool for this. Beyond just closing obvious applications, you can gain more detailed insights.

• Details Tab: In Task Manager, switch to the "Details" tab. This provides a more granular view of processes.
  • Right-click on any column header and select "Choose columns." Add columns like "Commit size," "Working set (memory)," "Private working set," and "Paged pool" to get a comprehensive understanding of memory usage.
  • "Working Set" indicates the physical RAM currently used by the process. "Private Working Set" is memory that cannot be shared with other processes. "Commit Size" is the total virtual memory the process has requested.
• Resource Monitor: For an even deeper dive, type "Resource Monitor" into the Windows search bar and open it.
  • Navigate to the "Memory" tab. Here, you'll see a detailed breakdown of how your physical memory is being used: "Hardware Reserved," "In Use," "Modified," "Standby," and "Free."
  • The "Processes" section lists applications with their "Commit (KB)," "Working Set (KB)," and "Shareable (KB)" memory. This helps you pinpoint which applications are not only using a lot of RAM but also how much of it is exclusively theirs.

By carefully monitoring these metrics, you can identify applications that are disproportionately consuming resources, even if they appear benign.

B. Disabling Unnecessary Startup Programs

Applications that launch automatically with Windows can stealthily consume significant RAM and CPU cycles from the moment your system boots.

• Task Manager "Startup" Tab: As mentioned before, disable any non-essential programs here. Look for applications like gaming launchers (Steam, Epic Games), cloud syncing services (Dropbox, OneDrive – if you don't need them always active), messaging apps, or proprietary hardware utilities (unless they are critical for your system's function, like a GPU control panel).
• Services Tab: In Task Manager, also check the "Services" tab. While most services are critical, some third-party services from uninstalled software or non-essential programs might still be running. Exercise caution here; disabling critical services can destabilize your system. If you're unsure about a service, search online for its purpose before disabling. You can also right-click a service and choose "Open Services" for more detailed management, where you can change startup types (e.g., from Automatic to Manual).

C. Browser Tab Management and Extensions

Web browsers are notorious memory hogs, especially with numerous tabs open and extensions installed.

• Limit Tabs: Regularly close tabs you are no longer actively using.
• Use Tab Suspenders: Browser extensions like "The Great Suspender" (or similar alternatives) can automatically suspend inactive tabs, freeing up their memory until you click on them again.
• Review Extensions: Go through your browser's extension list and disable or remove any that you don't frequently use. Each extension consumes a small amount of memory, and collectively, they can add up.

D. Understanding Background Services and Processes

Many applications install background services that run even when the main application isn't open, performing tasks like checking for updates, syncing data, or providing quick launch capabilities.

• Windows Services (services.msc): Type services.msc into the Windows Run dialog (Win + R). This console lists all services on your system. Again, be cautious. Identify third-party services that belong to applications you rarely use. You can set their "Startup type" to "Manual" or "Disabled" if you're certain they're not needed. For example, if you rarely use a specific peripheral, you might be able to disable its associated service until you need it.
• Scheduled Tasks (taskschd.msc): Search for "Task Scheduler" in Windows. This tool allows applications to schedule tasks to run at specific times or intervals. Some applications might have tasks that run frequently and consume resources. Review these, especially for applications that are no longer installed or that you rarely use.

2. Configuring Virtual Memory (Page File): The RAM Extension

Virtual memory, managed via the page file (or swap file), is a critical component of Windows' memory management. An improperly configured page file can starve your system of vital memory resources, directly contributing to the "No Free Memory for Buffer" error.

A. Explanation of Virtual Memory and its Role

As discussed, virtual memory uses a portion of your hard drive to augment your physical RAM. When physical RAM runs low, Windows moves less frequently used data from RAM to the page file on the disk (this process is called "paging" or "swapping"). When that data is needed again, it's swapped back into RAM. While slower, it prevents applications from crashing due to an absolute lack of memory.

For PassMark's buffer error, a small or disabled page file means that when physical RAM is nearing capacity, Windows has nowhere to offload data, leading to a true "no free memory" situation.

B. Step-by-Step Guide to Adjusting Page File Size (Windows)

1. Access System Properties:
   • Right-click on "This PC" (or "My Computer") on your desktop or in File Explorer.
   • Select "Properties."
   • In the System window, click "Advanced system settings" on the left-hand side.
2. Performance Options:
   • In the "System Properties" dialog, go to the "Advanced" tab.
   • Under the "Performance" section, click "Settings..."
3. Virtual Memory Settings:
   • In the "Performance Options" dialog, go to the "Advanced" tab.
   • Under the "Virtual memory" section, click "Change..."
4. Configure Page File:
   • Uncheck "Automatically manage paging file size for all drives." This gives you manual control.
   • Select a Drive: Choose the drive where you want the page file located. Ideally, this should be on your fastest drive (an SSD is preferred). Avoid placing it on the same drive as your Windows installation if you have multiple drives, but if you only have one SSD, it's still better than an HDD.
   • Custom Size: Select "Custom size."
     • Initial Size (MB): A common recommendation is to set this to 1.5 times your total physical RAM. For example, if you have 16GB of RAM (16384 MB), an initial size of 16384 * 1.5 = 24576 MB.
     • Maximum Size (MB): A common recommendation is to set this to 3 times your total physical RAM, or even slightly higher (e.g., 4 times) if you frequently run memory-intensive applications. For 16GB RAM, 16384 * 3 = 49152 MB. Some experts suggest simply setting the maximum to a fixed, large value (e.g., 20-30GB for systems with 16GB+ RAM) to prevent dynamic resizing overhead.
   • No Paging File: Avoid selecting "No paging file" unless you have an extremely high amount of RAM (64GB+) and thoroughly understand the implications. Disabling it completely is a common cause of "no free memory" errors in many applications.
   • Click "Set," then "OK" on all open dialogs.
   • Restart Your Computer: The changes will usually take effect after a reboot.

C. Recommendations for Size and Location

• General Guideline: For most systems with 8GB-16GB of RAM, an initial size of 1.5x RAM and a maximum size of 3x RAM is a good starting point. For systems with 32GB+ RAM, you might opt for a smaller multiplier (e.g., 0.5x to 1x initial, 1.5x to 2x max) as physical RAM is less likely to be exhausted.
• SSD vs. HDD: Always prefer to place the page file on an SSD. The significantly faster read/write speeds of an SSD will minimize the performance penalty associated with using virtual memory. Placing it on a slower HDD can drastically impact system responsiveness when paging occurs.
• Dedicated Drive (if available): If you have multiple SSDs, dedicating a secondary SSD (not the OS drive) to the page file can slightly improve performance by reducing I/O contention with the operating system.

3. Addressing Memory Leaks: Hunting Down Resource Hogs

A memory leak is a insidious problem where an application continuously requests memory but fails to release it back to the operating system after it's no longer needed. Over time, this "leaked" memory accumulates, reducing the total available free RAM and eventually leading to errors like PassMark's buffer problem.

A. What is a Memory Leak?

Imagine a library where books (memory) are borrowed but never returned. Eventually, the library runs out of books for new patrons. In software, if a program doesn't properly manage its dynamic memory allocations, it can hoard system resources, even if it's minimized or seemingly idle.

B. How to Identify Applications with Leaks

Identifying a memory leak requires careful observation over time.

• Task Manager / Resource Monitor (Long-Term Monitoring):
  • Open Task Manager or Resource Monitor and sort processes by memory usage.
  • Let your system run for several hours or even a full day, using it normally.
  • Periodically check the memory consumption of various applications. A program exhibiting a memory leak will show its memory usage steadily increasing over time, even if you're not actively interacting with it or if it's supposed to be idle.
  • Look for processes where the "Working Set" or "Private Working Set" values continuously climb without a corresponding increase in activity or data processing.
• Tools like RamMap: For advanced users, Microsoft's Sysinternals RamMap utility provides an extremely detailed breakdown of how Windows is using physical memory. You can use it to identify specific processes or even kernel-level components that might be hogging memory. While powerful, interpreting its output requires a good understanding of Windows memory management.

C. Updating Problematic Software

Once you've identified a potentially leaky application:

• Update the Software: The first step is to check for updates. Software developers frequently release patches to fix bugs, including memory leaks. Visit the official website of the application's developer and download the latest version.
• Report the Bug: If updating doesn't resolve the issue, consider reporting the memory leak to the software developer. Providing detailed steps on how to reproduce the leak can be very helpful.
• Temporarily Disable/Uninstall: If the leaky application is not critical, consider temporarily disabling it (preventing it from running on startup) or uninstalling it before running PassMark. If the error resolves, you've found your culprit.

Memory leaks can be elusive and frustrating, but systematically monitoring your system's memory usage over time is the most effective way to uncover them. This deep dive into memory management provides powerful tools to optimize your system's resource allocation, laying a solid foundation for resolving the PassMark "No Free Memory for Buffer" error.

Driver and Software-Related Fixes: Ensuring Compatibility and Stability

Beyond fundamental memory management, issues arising from outdated, corrupted, or incompatible drivers and software can significantly impact your system's ability to allocate memory effectively. These components act as the intermediaries between your hardware and the operating system, and any flaws in their design or implementation can lead to resource conflicts or inefficiencies that manifest as memory errors.

1. Update Graphics Drivers: Crucial for Benchmarking

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and their drivers play a surprisingly critical role in overall system stability and memory allocation, especially when running benchmarks like PassMark PerformanceTest. Many PassMark tests, particularly the 2D and 3D graphics benchmarks, heavily rely on the GPU and its driver for memory management. A buggy or outdated graphics driver can lead to VRAM (Video RAM) mismanagement, system RAM conflicts, or outright crashes.

Why it's important:

• DirectX/OpenGL/Vulkan Operations: Benchmarks utilize these APIs, which are heavily dependent on robust and up-to-date graphics drivers.
• Memory Paging: Graphics drivers are responsible for allocating and deallocating memory not just on the GPU itself, but also for managing system RAM that acts as a buffer or overflow for GPU operations.
• Stability: Newer drivers often include performance optimizations and bug fixes that address memory-related stability issues.

How to update:

1. Identify Your GPU: Go to Device Manager (Right-click Start button > Device Manager) and expand "Display adapters." Note down your GPU model (e.g., NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080, AMD Radeon RX 6800, Intel Iris Xe).
2. Use Manufacturer's Tools:
   • NVIDIA: Download GeForce Experience. It can automatically detect your GPU and suggest the latest "Game Ready" or "Studio" drivers.
   • AMD: Download Radeon Software. Similar to GeForce Experience, it provides driver updates and system optimization features.
   • Intel: Use the Intel Driver & Support Assistant.
3. Manual Download (Recommended for Clean Installation):
   • Visit the official website of your GPU manufacturer (NVIDIA, AMD, Intel).
   • Navigate to their "Drivers" or "Support" section.
   • Manually select your GPU model and operating system.
   • Download the latest stable driver package.
   • Perform a Clean Installation: When installing, look for an option to perform a "clean installation" or "custom installation" with a "clean install" checkbox. This removes previous driver files, preventing potential conflicts or corruption.

2. Update Chipset Drivers: The System's Backbone

The chipset on your motherboard is the communication hub that facilitates data flow between the CPU, RAM, storage, and other peripherals. Chipset drivers ensure that these components communicate efficiently and stably. Outdated chipset drivers can lead to suboptimal memory performance, resource allocation issues, and general system instability.

Why it's important:

• Memory Controller: The chipset often plays a role in how the CPU interacts with RAM, especially concerning memory timings and data pathways.
• Peripheral Communication: It manages I/O for various components, and issues here can indirectly affect memory access.

How to update:

1. Identify Your Motherboard and Chipset:
   • Use a tool like CPU-Z (free utility) to find your motherboard model.
   • You can also open System Information (msinfo32 in Run dialog) and look for "BaseBoard Manufacturer" and "BaseBoard Product."
2. Visit Motherboard Manufacturer's Website: Go to the official website of your motherboard manufacturer (e.g., ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte, ASRock).
3. Navigate to Support/Drivers Section: Find your specific motherboard model.
4. Download Latest Chipset Drivers: Look for the "Chipset" drivers for your operating system. Download and install them, following the manufacturer's instructions. A system reboot is often required.

3. Update PassMark Software Itself: Bug Fixes and Compatibility

Just like any other software, PassMark PerformanceTest is regularly updated to include bug fixes, performance improvements, and compatibility enhancements with new hardware and operating systems. An older version might have known memory-related bugs or might not be fully optimized for your current system configuration.

How to update:

1. Check for Updates Within PassMark: Many applications, including PassMark, have an "Check for Updates" option within their interface (usually under "Help" or "File").
2. Download from Official Website: For the most reliable update, visit the official PassMark website and download the latest version of PerformanceTest. If you have a licensed version, ensure you download the correct update for your license.
3. Consider Beta Versions (with caution): If you're encountering persistent issues and have exhausted other options, PassMark might offer beta versions with experimental fixes. Use these with caution and ensure you know how to revert if problems arise.

4. Check for Conflicting Software: The Silent Saboteurs

Certain types of software can clash with PassMark PerformanceTest, especially regarding memory access or system resources. This can lead to memory allocation failures.

Common culprits:

• Antivirus/Anti-malware Software: These programs constantly monitor system activity, including memory access. Sometimes, their real-time protection can interfere with how PassMark tries to access or allocate large blocks of memory, mistaking it for malicious behavior or simply creating contention.
• Other Benchmark Utilities: Running multiple benchmarks concurrently or having other diagnostic tools open can cause resource conflicts.
• System Monitoring Tools: Hardware monitoring software (e.g., HWMonitor, MSI Afterburner, HWiNFO) can also consume resources or attempt to access hardware in ways that conflict with PassMark's low-level operations.
• Virtualization Software: Hyper-V, VMware, VirtualBox can reserve significant amounts of physical RAM, even if no virtual machines are running, reducing the memory available for PassMark.

How to identify and resolve conflicts:

1. Temporarily Disable Antivirus: Before running PassMark, try temporarily disabling your antivirus and anti-malware software. Remember to re-enable them immediately after testing.
2. Close Other Benchmarks/Monitoring Tools: Ensure no other performance-related software is running in the background. Check your system tray and Task Manager.
3. Perform a Clean Boot (Windows Safe Mode for Troubleshooting): This is a powerful diagnostic technique that starts Windows with only essential services and startup programs, helping you isolate software conflicts.
   • Open System Configuration: Type msconfig into the Windows search bar and press Enter.
   • General Tab: Select "Selective startup" and ensure "Load system services" and "Load startup items" are checked.
   • Services Tab: Check "Hide all Microsoft services." Then, click "Disable all." (Crucially, ensure you hide Microsoft services first to avoid disabling critical OS functions).
   • Startup Tab: Click "Open Task Manager," and disable all startup items there. Close Task Manager.
   • Apply and Restart: Click "OK" in System Configuration and restart your computer.
   • Test PassMark: If PassMark runs without the memory error in this clean boot state, then a third-party application or service was the culprit.
   • Re-enable Services/Startup Items (Systematically): To find the specific offender, re-enable services and startup items in small groups (or one by one) and restart after each change, testing PassMark until the error reappears. This helps pinpoint the problematic software.
   • Return to Normal Startup: Once troubleshooting is complete, remember to go back to msconfig, select "Normal startup" on the "General" tab, and re-enable your services and startup items.

By methodically updating your drivers and eliminating potential software conflicts, you significantly increase the chances of resolving the "No Free Memory for Buffer" error, ensuring that PassMark PerformanceTest has a clean and stable environment to operate within.

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Hardware-Level Investigations: When Software Isn't Enough

If, after meticulously addressing software configurations, driver updates, and memory management settings, the "PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer" error persists, the issue may lie deeper within your system's hardware. While the error itself points to a logical allocation problem, underlying physical memory defects or incorrect hardware settings can manifest in this way. This section guides you through hardware-level diagnostic and rectification steps.

1. Running Memory Diagnostic Tools: Probing RAM Integrity

Faulty RAM modules are a common cause of system instability, crashes, and various memory-related errors. Before assuming a module is bad, thorough testing is essential.

A. Windows Memory Diagnostic (WMD)

This is a built-in tool in Windows that can perform basic memory tests.

How to use:

1. Open WMD: Type "Windows Memory Diagnostic" into the Windows search bar and press Enter.
2. Restart and Test: You'll be prompted to "Restart now and check for problems (recommended)" or "Check for problems the next time I start my computer." Choose the former.
3. Testing Process: Your computer will restart and boot into a blue screen environment where the memory test will run. This can take anywhere from 15 minutes to several hours, depending on your RAM quantity and speed settings. It performs several passes.
4. Interpreting Results: Once the test completes, Windows will reboot. The results will usually appear as a notification in the system tray upon logging back into Windows. If no notification appears, you can check the Event Viewer:
   • Type "Event Viewer" in the Windows search bar and open it.
   • Navigate to "Windows Logs" > "System."
   • In the "Actions" pane on the right, click "Find..." and search for "MemoryDiagnostic." Look for events with "Source" as "MemoryDiagnostics-Results." These events will indicate if any errors were found.

WMD is good for a quick check but isn't as exhaustive as dedicated tools.

B. MemTest86+ (or MemTest86)

For a truly thorough and reliable memory test, MemTest86+ (or the original MemTest86, now developed by PassMark Software themselves) is the gold standard. It runs independently of the operating system, allowing it to test RAM in a raw, uninfluenced state.

How to use:

1. Download: Go to the official MemTest86+ website (memtest.org) or PassMark's MemTest86 website (memtest86.com). Download the bootable ISO or USB image.
2. Create Bootable Media:
   • USB: Use a tool like Rufus (free) to "burn" the MemTest86+ ISO onto a USB flash drive, making it bootable.
   • CD/DVD: Burn the ISO image to a blank CD or DVD.
3. Boot from Media: Restart your computer and repeatedly press the key to enter your BIOS/UEFI boot menu (often F2, F10, F12, Del, or Esc). Select your MemTest86+ USB drive or CD/DVD as the boot device.
4. Run Test: MemTest86+ will automatically start testing your RAM.
   • Multiple Passes: Allow the test to run for at least 8-10 complete passes. Memory errors can be intermittent and might only appear after several passes. This can take many hours, or even overnight, depending on the amount of RAM.
   • Errors: If MemTest86+ reports any errors, even a single one, it indicates a problem with your RAM.

Interpreting Results: Any errors detected by MemTest86+ (shown in red) are a definitive sign of faulty RAM.

Table: Comparison of Memory Diagnostic Tools

Feature	Windows Memory Diagnostic (WMD)	MemTest86 / MemTest86+
Ease of Use	Very Easy	Moderate (Requires creating bootable media)
Operating System	Integrated into Windows	Boots independently of OS (Bare-metal test)
Thoroughness	Basic to Moderate	Highly Thorough (Gold standard for RAM testing)
Detection of Errors	Can detect obvious faults	Excellent for detecting subtle, intermittent errors
Time Investment	~15 mins to a few hours	Many hours (8+ passes recommended)
Required Media	None	USB drive or CD/DVD
Typical Use	Quick initial check	Definitive diagnosis of RAM hardware issues

2. Reseating RAM Modules: The Physical Connection

Loose or improperly seated RAM modules are a surprisingly common cause of memory-related problems. Vibrations, movement, or even improper installation can cause a module to lose perfect contact with its slot.

How to do it (with caution):

1. Power Down and Unplug: Completely shut down your computer and unplug it from the wall.
2. Ground Yourself: Touch a metal part of your computer case (unpainted) to discharge static electricity, which can damage components.
3. Open Case: Remove the side panel of your computer case to access the motherboard.
4. Locate RAM: Identify the RAM modules in their slots on the motherboard.
5. Release Latches: Gently push down the small plastic clips/latches on either side of each RAM stick. This will slightly pop the module up.
6. Remove (Optional, but good for inspection): Carefully pull the RAM stick straight out of its slot.
7. Inspect: Check the gold contacts on the RAM module and the RAM slot for any dust, debris, or visible damage. Blow compressed air into the slots if necessary.
8. Reseat: Align the notch on the RAM stick with the key in the slot. Push the module firmly and evenly into the slot until the side latches click back into place. You should hear and feel a definite click. Ensure the module is perfectly level and fully seated.
9. Reassemble: Close your computer case and plug it back in.
10. Test: Boot up and try PassMark again.

3. Testing RAM Modules Individually: Isolating Faulty Sticks

If MemTest86+ reports errors, or if you suspect a specific module, testing them one by one can help pinpoint the faulty stick.

How to do it:

1. Start with One Stick: With the computer off and unplugged, remove all but one RAM module. Place this single module in the first (primary) RAM slot specified by your motherboard manual (often the one furthest from the CPU).
2. Run MemTest86+: Boot with only this single stick and run MemTest86+ for multiple passes.
3. Repeat for Each Stick: If the first stick passes, remove it and repeat the process with the next individual stick, always using the same primary slot.
4. Identify the Culprit: The stick that causes MemTest86+ to report errors is likely faulty and should be replaced.

Important Note: If all individual sticks pass, but errors occur when multiple sticks are installed, the issue might be with the motherboard's RAM slots, the CPU's memory controller, or incompatible RAM timings when running multiple modules together.

4. BIOS/UEFI Settings: Advanced Memory Configuration

The BIOS/UEFI (Basic Input/Output System/Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) controls fundamental hardware settings, including how your RAM operates. Incorrect settings here can lead to instability and memory errors.

How to access: Restart your computer and repeatedly press the designated key (often Del, F2, F10, F12) to enter the BIOS/UEFI setup.

A. XMP/DOCP Profiles

• What they are: XMP (Extreme Memory Profile, for Intel systems) and DOCP (Direct Overclock Profile, for AMD systems) are pre-configured settings stored on your RAM modules that allow them to run at their advertised speeds (which are often faster than the JEDEC default speeds).
• Potential Issues: While XMP/DOCP usually works flawlessly, sometimes enabling these profiles can introduce instability, especially if your motherboard, CPU's memory controller, or the RAM modules themselves are on the edge of compatibility. This instability can manifest as memory errors.
• Troubleshooting:
  • Disable XMP/DOCP: If you have XMP/DOCP enabled, try disabling it in the BIOS and let the RAM run at its default JEDEC speed (e.g., 2133MHz or 2400MHz). Test PassMark. If the error resolves, your RAM might be unstable at the XMP/DOCP speeds. You might then try manually adjusting timings or voltage (advanced user only) or reducing the frequency slightly.
  • Update BIOS: Sometimes, newer BIOS versions improve RAM compatibility and stability with XMP/DOCP profiles.

B. Memory Timings and Voltage

• Advanced Users Only: Manually adjusting memory timings (e.g., CAS Latency, tRAS, tRP) and voltage is for advanced users and overclockers. Incorrect settings can cause system unbootability or damage components.
• Troubleshooting: If you've manually tweaked these settings, revert them to "Auto" or to the default values. If XMP/DOCP is enabled, the BIOS should automatically apply the correct timings and voltage.

C. Disabling Integrated Graphics (if applicable)

• If your CPU has integrated graphics (e.g., Intel's iGPUs or AMD's APUs) and you're also using a dedicated graphics card, the integrated graphics can sometimes reserve a portion of your system RAM.
• Troubleshooting: In BIOS/UEFI, look for settings related to "Integrated Graphics," "IGPU," or "Shared Memory." If you have a dedicated GPU, you can often set the integrated graphics to "Disabled" or reduce the "Shared Memory" allocation to its minimum, thereby freeing up more system RAM.

D. BIOS/UEFI Firmware Updates

• Importance: Motherboard manufacturers regularly release BIOS/UEFI updates to improve stability, add support for new CPUs/RAM, fix bugs, and enhance compatibility. An outdated BIOS can be a source of various system issues, including memory errors.
• How to Update:
  • Visit your motherboard manufacturer's website.
  • Download the latest BIOS/UEFI version for your specific motherboard model.
  • Follow the manufacturer's instructions very carefully. BIOS updates are critical; an interruption or error during the process can "brick" your motherboard. Typically, this involves putting the BIOS file on a USB stick and using a built-in "Flash" utility in the BIOS itself.

By systematically addressing these hardware-level aspects, from verifying the integrity of your RAM modules to optimizing BIOS/UEFI settings, you significantly increase your chances of diagnosing and resolving the elusive "PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer" error. Remember to proceed with caution when dealing with hardware and BIOS settings, and always refer to your component manuals.

Advanced Troubleshooting and System Health

When the more common software and hardware fixes don't resolve the "PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer" error, it's time to consider deeper operating system issues or even the most drastic measures. These steps are typically reserved for persistent problems that defy simpler solutions, indicating a potentially corrupted OS environment or a fundamental system flaw.

1. System File Checker (SFC) and Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM): Repairing OS Integrity

Corrupted Windows system files can wreak havoc on overall system stability, including how the operating system manages memory and resources. SFC and DISM are built-in tools designed to repair such corruptions.

A. System File Checker (SFC)

SFC scans for and repairs corrupted Windows system files.

How to use:

1. Open Command Prompt as Administrator: Type cmd in the Windows search bar, right-click on "Command Prompt," and select "Run as administrator."
2. Run SFC: In the Command Prompt window, type sfc /scannow and press Enter.
3. Wait for Completion: The scan will take some time. Do not close the window until it completes.
4. Review Results:
   • "Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations." (Good, no corruption found.)
   • "Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files and successfully repaired them." (Good, issues fixed.)
   • "Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them." (Indicates persistent corruption, proceed to DISM.)

B. Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM)

DISM is a more powerful tool that can repair the underlying Windows system image that SFC uses. If SFC fails to repair files, DISM can often fix the source of the problem.

How to use (after SFC fails or as a preliminary step):

1. Open Command Prompt as Administrator: Same as for SFC.
2. Run DISM Check/Scan:
   • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth (Checks if the image has been detected as corrupted.)
   • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth (Performs a more thorough scan for corruption.)
   • These commands only check for issues.
3. Run DISM Restore Health: If issues are found, use this command to repair the image:
   • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
   • This process can take a while and requires an active internet connection to download necessary files from Windows Update.
4. Run SFC Again: After DISM completes, it's a good practice to run sfc /scannow again to ensure all system files are now healthy.
5. Restart: Reboot your computer after these operations.

2. Disk Cleanup and Defragmentation (for HDDs): Freeing Up Space and Optimizing Access

While less directly related to the "No Free Memory for Buffer" error, maintaining a healthy storage drive contributes to overall system performance and stability. A severely cluttered or fragmented drive can indirectly impact virtual memory performance and general responsiveness.

A. Disk Cleanup

• What it does: Disk Cleanup is a Windows utility that helps you free up disk space by deleting temporary files, system logs, old update files, and other unnecessary data.
• How to use:
  1. Type "Disk Cleanup" in the Windows search bar and open it.
  2. Select your primary drive (usually C:).
  3. Click "Clean up system files."
  4. Select all categories you wish to clean (e.g., Temporary Internet Files, Recycle Bin, Windows Update Cleanup).
  5. Click "OK."

B. Defragmentation (for HDDs)

• What it does: Fragmentation occurs on HDDs when files are broken into pieces and scattered across the disk, slowing down access. Defragmentation reorganizes these pieces to make files contiguous, improving read/write speeds. SSDs do not need defragmentation; in fact, it can reduce their lifespan.
• How to use (for HDDs only):
  1. Type "Defragment and Optimize Drives" in the Windows search bar and open it.
  2. Select your HDD(s).
  3. Click "Optimize."
  4. Windows will automatically analyze and defragment the drive if needed.

3. Power Supply Unit (PSU) Check: An Unlikely but Critical Factor

While rare for a specific "No Free Memory for Buffer" error, an unstable or insufficient Power Supply Unit (PSU) can lead to a myriad of seemingly random system issues under load. If components aren't receiving stable and sufficient power, they can behave erratically, leading to crashes, freezes, and data corruption, which could indirectly contribute to memory errors during intensive operations.

• Symptoms: Besides memory errors, look for random reboots, system freezes under load, or unusual component behavior (e.g., fans spinning up erratically).
• Diagnosis: This is difficult without specialized equipment. If you've exhausted all other options and suspect your PSU, consider testing your system with a known good, sufficiently powerful PSU.
• Wattage: Ensure your PSU wattage is adequate for all your components, especially if you have a powerful GPU. Online PSU calculators can help estimate your needs.

4. Temperature Monitoring: Overheating's Impact

Overheating components (CPU, GPU, RAM) can cause system instability, throttling, and errors. While memory errors usually have a distinct signature, severe overheating can lead to generalized system instability that might indirectly manifest as buffer allocation failures.

• Monitor Temperatures: Use software like HWMonitor, HWiNFO, or your motherboard's utilities to monitor CPU, GPU, and RAM temperatures, especially during PassMark benchmarks.
• Safe Ranges: Research safe operating temperatures for your specific components. CPUs often throttle above 90-95°C, and GPUs above 80-85°C. RAM is generally more resilient but excessive heat can still cause problems.
• Solutions:
  • Improve case airflow (add fans, clean dust).
  • Reapply thermal paste to CPU/GPU heatsinks.
  • Ensure CPU cooler is properly seated.
  • Clean dust from fans and heatsinks.

5. Operating System Reinstallation (Last Resort): The Nuclear Option

If you've systematically tried every single troubleshooting step outlined above—from basic restarts and software optimizations to thorough hardware diagnostics and BIOS configurations—and the "PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer" error stubbornly persists, a clean reinstallation of your operating system is the ultimate, last-resort solution.

Why it's a last resort:

• It's time-consuming, requires backing up all your data, and reinstalling all your applications.
• However, it guarantees a pristine software environment, ruling out any deep-seated OS corruption, driver conflicts, or software conflicts that might have been missed.

How to do it:

1. Backup All Data: This is absolutely critical. Use an external hard drive, cloud storage, or network storage to back up all personal files, documents, photos, videos, and any other irreplaceable data.
2. Create Installation Media: Download the latest Windows installation media (ISO) from Microsoft's official website and create a bootable USB drive using their Media Creation Tool.
3. Perform a Clean Install:
   • Boot from the USB installation media.
   • Choose "Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)."
   • Delete All Partitions: When prompted to choose where to install Windows, delete all existing partitions on your primary drive (this will erase all data).
   • Proceed with the installation, following the on-screen prompts.
4. Install Drivers: After Windows is installed, immediately install all necessary drivers (chipset, graphics, audio, network) from your motherboard and GPU manufacturers' websites.
5. Install PassMark: Install PassMark PerformanceTest.
6. Test: Run PassMark to see if the error is resolved.

A clean OS installation is a powerful reset button, often capable of resolving complex issues that are deeply embedded within the software layer. However, its significant time and effort investment means it should only be considered after all other avenues have been thoroughly explored.

Beyond the Fix: Maintaining System Health and Modern Demands

Successfully resolving the "PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer" error is a testament to meticulous troubleshooting and a deeper understanding of your system's inner workings. However, the journey doesn't end there. Proactive system maintenance is key to preventing future recurrences and ensuring optimal performance for all your computing tasks, whether they are rigorous benchmarks or the demands of modern application development and deployment.

Maintaining a clean, stable, and efficiently managed system is not just about avoiding errors; it's about enabling peak performance across the board. Just as a finely tuned system is essential for accurate hardware benchmarking with tools like PassMark, it's equally critical for complex software infrastructure that powers today's digital world. For instance, platforms that manage large-scale AI services and APIs often handle immense traffic, real-time data processing, and intricate integrations. These environments demand exceptional stability, robust resource optimization, and seamless management to deliver high performance and reliability. Products like APIPark, an open-source AI Gateway and API Management Platform, exemplify the need for such robust underlying systems. By centralizing API lifecycle management, enabling quick integration of AI models, and standardizing invocation formats, APIPark optimizes how AI and REST services are deployed and consumed. Such advanced platforms, while offering incredible capabilities, fundamentally rely on a healthy and well-maintained physical and virtual infrastructure to operate at their full potential, underscoring that efficient system health management is a universal prerequisite for any demanding application, from individual benchmarks to enterprise-grade AI gateways.

Regularly cleaning up temporary files, keeping drivers and software updated, monitoring system health indicators like temperatures and resource usage, and ensuring your virtual memory settings are appropriate for your workload are all part of a comprehensive strategy to maintain system vitality. These habits not only prevent frustrating errors but also extend the lifespan of your hardware and ensure that your system remains responsive and capable, ready to tackle any challenge, from the most intricate benchmark to the most demanding modern applications.

Conclusion

The "PassMark No Free Memory for Buffer" error, while initially intimidating, is a solvable problem that requires a systematic and patient approach. This comprehensive guide has walked you through a multi-faceted troubleshooting journey, starting from fundamental restarts and application management, progressing through detailed memory configuration and driver updates, and finally delving into hardware diagnostics and advanced operating system repairs.

We've explored the nuances of buffer allocation, the critical role of physical and virtual memory, and how everything from a stray memory leak to a misconfigured BIOS setting can contribute to this specific error. By carefully applying the steps outlined—optimizing your physical RAM usage, correctly configuring your page file, ensuring all drivers are current, identifying and resolving software conflicts, thoroughly testing your RAM modules, and fine-tuning your BIOS/UEFI settings—you empower yourself to diagnose and fix the root cause. For the most stubborn cases, we've even covered the nuclear option of an operating system reinstallation, ensuring no stone is left unturned.

Ultimately, resolving this error is more than just getting PassMark to run; it's about gaining a deeper understanding of your system's architecture, its resource management, and the importance of proactive maintenance. This knowledge empowers you to build, maintain, and troubleshoot a stable, high-performing computing environment capable of handling any task you throw at it, from demanding benchmarks to complex modern applications and API management platforms. Embrace the troubleshooting process, be methodical, and you will undoubtedly overcome this challenge, emerging with a more robust system and enhanced technical expertise.

FAQ

Q1: What does "No Free Memory for Buffer" specifically mean in PassMark? A1: This error signifies that PassMark PerformanceTest attempted to allocate a contiguous block of memory (a "buffer") for a specific operation, but the operating system could not provide a sufficiently large, unbroken segment of free memory. This is different from a general "out of memory" error and often points to memory fragmentation, an inability to offload data to the page file, or a hard limit on available physical RAM for a specific process.

Q2: Is the error always indicative of a hardware problem with my RAM? A2: No, not necessarily. While faulty RAM is a possible cause, the "No Free Memory for Buffer" error is more frequently related to software-level issues such as: insufficient virtual memory (page file size), memory leaks from other applications, heavy memory fragmentation, conflicting background software (like antivirus), or outdated/corrupted drivers. Hardware issues like improperly seated RAM or faulty modules are less common for this specific error but should still be investigated if software solutions fail.

Q3: How much virtual memory (page file) should I set for optimal performance? A3: A common recommendation for systems with 8GB-16GB of RAM is to set the initial page file size to 1.5 times your physical RAM and the maximum size to 3 times your physical RAM. For systems with 32GB+ RAM, you can often use smaller multipliers (e.g., 0.5x to 1x initial, 1.5x to 2x max) as physical RAM is less likely to be exhausted. Always prioritize placing the page file on the fastest drive (SSD). Avoid completely disabling the page file unless you have an exceptionally high amount of RAM (64GB+) and understand the risks.

Q4: Can outdated drivers really cause memory allocation errors? A4: Yes, absolutely. Drivers act as the interface between your hardware and the operating system. Outdated or corrupted graphics drivers, chipset drivers, or even specific storage controller drivers can have bugs that lead to inefficient memory management, resource conflicts, or even system instability, which can indirectly prevent PassMark from allocating the necessary memory buffers. Keeping all your drivers updated is a crucial part of system maintenance.

Q5: What's the most effective tool for diagnosing actual faulty RAM modules? A5: For thoroughly diagnosing faulty RAM modules, MemTest86 or MemTest86+ (bootable utilities) are considered the gold standard. They run independently of the operating system, providing a raw and comprehensive test of your RAM's integrity. While Windows Memory Diagnostic is a convenient built-in option, MemTest86/MemTest86+ are significantly more exhaustive and capable of detecting subtle or intermittent memory errors that WMD might miss. It's recommended to run MemTest86/MemTest86+ for at least 8-10 passes.

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